The traditional fossil energies, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, have promoted the development of human society. However, they have brought serious environmental pollution and global warming. In order to deal with the energy crisis and protect the environment, lots of countries have vigorously developed clean energies and green environmental protection technologies. With the rapid development of the new energy industry and low-carbon economy, high-performance cathode materials have been playing an increasingly important role in the field of clean energy and environmental pollution. As one kind of important modification strategy, surface modification has played an important role in the design and development of high-performance materials for lithium-ion battery. This special issue welcomes original research and review articles about the surface modification and electrochemical properties of advanced materials for lithium-ion batteries. The issue aims to cover all types of key materials for lithium-ion batteries.